Vermont Act 250: a guide for land buyers and sellers

Act 250 is Vermont's land use and development law. Larger developments and subdivisions need an Act 250 permit, and each application is reviewed against 10 criteria covering water, soils, traffic, services, scenic and natural resources, land use and local plans. In the Northeast Kingdom, applications go to the District 7 office in St. Johnsbury.

Reviewed by Rise Realty Properties, 493 Main St, Barton, VT. Last updated 2026-10-25.

What is Act 250 in Vermont?

Act 250 (10 V.S.A. Chapter 151) is Vermont's land use and development law, enacted in 1970. It sets up a public review of the environmental, social and fiscal effects of larger developments and subdivisions, run by the Land Use Review Board and nine District Environmental Commissions.

Does my project need an Act 250 permit?

It depends on the size and location of the project and the town's rules. A district coordinator can issue a written jurisdictional opinion saying whether an activity needs a permit or a permit amendment. Ask before you buy land for a project.

Who handles Act 250 in the Northeast Kingdom?

The District 7 Environmental Commission covers Caledonia, Orleans and Essex counties. Its office is at 374 Emerson Falls Road, Suite 4, St. Johnsbury, VT 05819.

Did Act 250 change recently?

Yes. Act 181 of 2024 and Act 152 of 2026 created a full-time Land Use Review Board, began a shift to location-based jurisdiction with Tier 1A and 1B growth areas, and added temporary interim housing exemptions. Several pieces take effect only after the Board approves them, so check the Board's site for the current status.

Can I check whether a property already has an Act 250 permit?

Yes. The Land Use Review Board's Act 250 database is public. Search it by town or permit number, and ask us to pull the permit history for any listing.